Deadly Unna Film Essay Example for Free

Deadly Unna Film Essay Australian Rules A comparative review by Anita Jetnikoff (QUT) for Australian Screen Education. Published as: Jetnikoff, Anita (2003) Australian Rules: a comparative review. Australian Screen Education(30):36-38. The title may mislead some viewers, as this is not a film about a football code, anymore than Bend it with Beckham is about soccer. This powerful, brave and rather brutal feature is the debut of Paul Goldman, who co-wrote the screenplay with the novelist Phillip Gwynne. Both the storylines and characters from Gwynne’s awardwinning novel Deadly Unna? nd its sequel Nukkin Ya, have been combined in the film, which was commissioned by South Australian Film Corporation for the Adelaide Festival of Arts 2002, and caused a furore with the local Aboriginal community. The film was screened after much deliberation over the objections against depictions of a character resembling a member of the Penninsular community. This certainly suggests collaboration with Indigenous communities could have been sought at earlier stages of the project. In my reading of the film, however, it is the white community who emerge the more brutal, bigoted and shameful. The Aboriginal community, on the other hand, represent solidarity, and sharing. The film was released and promoted by Palace, with the slogan ‘live by the rules play by the rules’. There is, however, an almost apartheid divide between the black [Nunga) and white [Goonya) communities in this film and the central character’s personal navigating between the two, means he must break unwritten rules. The film is based on aspects of two novels, the partly autobiographical novel Deadly Unna, and its sequel, Nukkin Ya, Nunga expressions for ‘Great hey’ and ‘See you later’. Both novels were easy to read and full of humour in spite of the serious subject matter of racism, interracial relationships, adolescent angst, death and revenge. The novels belong to the adolescent problem or coming-of-age genre and are being studied in secondary schools. The film has little of the novels’ lightness and the narrator’s ability to laugh at himself and his community’s foibles. This sometimes disturbing film’s tone is brutal, the landscape stark, sordid and in decay. Most of the characters occupying the saline, arid coastal town are nasty. The adult men are barflies, maggot breeders, fornicators and losers and the women are victims or sluts. This hopeless adult world offers nothing for the young in this fishing town. Viewers are invited to identify with the young, for whom hope lies in escape. The central figure of Blacky (Nathan Phillips), is an intelligent 14 year old caught between the literary world of his imagination and the literal world of his small towns’ bigotry. His mother, who encourages him to play football and to do well at school, is a battler, a victim of his father’s brutality. The dilapidated house the Black family occupy oozes poverty and neglect. These are white fringe dwellers. In the novel Blacky refers to what kind of chops the family will consume as indicative of the ‘pov metre’. They shop at the local op shop. Like many small rural Australian towns, this coastal community struggles to survive. The black and white communities in the region are divided, separated physically by a stretch of coastline, whites at the port and blacks at the point. Even the local pub segregates the Aboriginal drinkers from the white ones. The irony is that the local football team is only viable when the Aboriginal boys come over from the point to play. The sporting fixture allows the communities to merge, but the union stops there. Blacky crosses the racial divide to befriend Dumby Red (Luke Carroll) a talented Aboriginal Australian Rules Player from the Point and to romance Dumby’s sister Clarence (Lisa Flanagan). Whereas book built up the friendship through Blacky’s doubt and hesitation about Dumby, this is not dealt with in the film. The film opens with the two characters already mates, sitting together in the dilapidated shed of the red dirt football field, commiserating over the ineffectiveness of their coach, Arks (Kevin Harrington). Dumby’s spectacular football prowess has been spotted by a city talent scout, which sets up the need for him to win best Player in the final against a much stronger team. A contract to a city football team would mean a possible escape from the bigotry and emptiness of the Penninsular—his chance to be a sporting success. Blacky finds himself an unwitting hero and awarded best team man for winning the premiership game. He unwittingly collides with the toughest star player on the opposing team and is knocked unconscious, along with his gigantic opponent. The shooting sequences of the match were not especially riveting, but this was in keeping with the importance of the game to the story. The film is not about winning or losing, but the personal integrity of the play or the journey in the ongoing process of discovering identity. The medal for ‘Best on the Ground’, rightly belonged to Dumby Red. His ticket out of the hopeless community, however, was denied to him, because rather than kicking a sure goal, he had passed a ball to a cousin who had not handled the ball all day. The cultural code of sharing was stronger than the competitive need to win. In the film, the loss of the award to the coach’s son paves the way for Dumby’s tragic demise. He joins Pretty (Tony Briggs) in an armed robbery of the pub, perhaps to extract an alternative prize to the one he’d been denied. The publican, Mac, laid out in a drunken stupor on the pool table, is beaten even more senseless by Pretty. The noise rouses Blacky’s father (Simon Westaway) who shoots and kills his son’s friend Dumby Red in revenge for the publican’s beating. In the novel the publican was the murderer, but the film’s central villain is Blacky’s father, Bob, who represents fear, loathing and menace. His violent rages left his own family in fear of him. In one memorable scene they escape his menacing torment of their mother behind closed doors by escaping through the window and sleeping in the chicken coop. The feeling is that this experience was not new to them. Blacky is torn in the novel between his initial attraction to Clarence in Deadly Unna, which he conceals from his white ‘friends’ in order to attract the attention of a rich white ‘camper’ girl. In the sequel this relationship between Blacky and Clarence and Blacky and his father represent two kinds of coming of age. His masculinity is tested early on in a storm at sea and later when he was caught in the shed stealing paint to cover a racist slogan in the local boatshed. His intelligence means little to his father, and his good grades and scholarship to Kings College in Adelaide are ignored. In the sequel Nukkin Ya, the filial relationship seems almost mended when his father takes on the renovation of a ‘windjammer’ to bring potential tourism to the town. His father’s project becomes obsessive at the expense of putting food on the family’s table, but the male relationship seems to be temporarily repaired along with the boat, which becomes symbolic of rebuilding strength, unity and hope around the fantasy of the future. In the novels we experience Blacky’s angst at discovering his father’s infidelity to his mother. Blacky and his friend Pickles, stumble upon their adulterous fathers visiting the Aboriginal women at the point. The irony of this is that the entire community seemed set gainst the burgeoning love relationship between Blacky and Dumby’s sister Clarence. The fact that the cross-race relationship of the father is not dealt with in the film makes his violent reaction to finding Clarence innocently sleeping alongside Blacky in his bedroom connected more with his hatred of Aboriginal people, than it is to do with his guilt over murdering Dumby Red. It is a response reduced to racism alone, rather than his own guilt and hypocrisy, which in the novels is built up subtly through the two volumes. The antagonist in the second novel, having moved away from the father, is embodied by the figure of Lovely (Pretty, in the film) who menaces Blacky over his relationship with Clarence. Lovely sports a hate tattoo on his fingers and is a violent instigator in both book and film. The disclosure of the white men’s infidelity at the expense of the black women, who remain nameless and faceless, leads to the climax of the second novel. The boat is set alight, which symbolizes the death of the relationships between Blacky and his father and his community. Lovely is framed, Blacky absolves Lovely in court by taking the blame, but Pickles (Tom Budge ) was the real arsonist. This false confession, leads to Blacky becoming a cipher in his own town, where boats and the sea are peoples workplaces. He becomes a ‘boat burner’ in the cultural imaginary and is forced to leave. In the film this purging is less powerful and seems to emerge from some kind of corporate malice rather than revenge. Pickles manically sets alight rival maggot breeder Darcy’s breeding drums, which has less symbolic poignancy than the boat burning in the novel. Blacky’s central challenge in the film is to reaffirm his masculinity by standing up to his father, through the relationship with Clarence. Blacky is constructed by his father as a ‘gutless wonder. ’ Blacky’s painful journey to manhood, is much harsher in the film than the book. In the novel the father is a violent adulterer, but in the film, he kills Blacky’s best friend. Blacky’s attendance at Dumby’s funeral represents a betrayal of familial solidarity in the eyes of the father. The relationship was not strong enough however, for Blacky to take his father’s side. At this point, Blacky abdicates from identifying with his father. He has begun to flee the emasculated self constructed by his father, towards a more potent, sexual self, embodied by his attraction and identification with the other through the literal ‘body’ of Dumby and the physical, sexual body of Clarence. What is morally worrisome is that the father, who both Blacky and the viewer see as a murderer, continues to live in the community with impugnity, the ‘common sense’ gap we fill is that he claims he shot Dumby in selfdefense. Blacky courageously resists his father’s imperative to stay away from the funeral. In the film’s powerful and moving climax, the battered, but united family in the background witnesses the final stand off between father and son. Blacky literally stands up to his father, not by competing in battle of fists, but resisting by sheer will and strength of character. The father leaves in a vicious rage and we can’t help feeling that the family will be better off with him gone. The second novel Nukkin Ya begins with hope of Blacky taking a scholarship at Kings in Adelaide. His girlfriend Clarence achieves a scholarship to art school and Blacky has a reason to follow her. The film ends with the two young lovers romantically swimming in the clear waters, symbolically cleansing themselves of the grime and grease of prejudice, which had tainted their relationship until that point. The film treats the romance in a much lighter way than the books. There is no stand off between the characters; in fact Clarence becomes Blacky’s bridge between the two cultures. In the film it is Clarence who stands up to Bob Black in Blacky’s bedroom with dignity and silent resistance. Lisa Flanagan’s performance was elegant and dignified. It was Clarence who gently cut through the wall of hostility from the Nunga boys at her brother’s funeral- allowing Blacky to mourn his friend’s death. It was Clarence who understood Blacky’s poetic allusions to dying stars- these two are cosmically connected and there is an almost Shakespearean sense of their fate. The love scenes provide the film’s only softness and the resolution, although moving, is not sentimental. The young people must leave the still-divided community, to survive together.

Mass Media Sociological Insight Media Essay

Mass Media Sociological Insight Media Essay According to Gordon Marshall, mass media is a medium through which a message can be transmitted to a large number of people. Mass media is one such form of communication in which there is no personal contact between the senders and receivers of the message. The message is generated from one source and communicated to multiple audiences at the same time. Examples of mass media include; radio, television, movies, advertising, internet, newspapers, magazines, so on and so forth. These medium are increasing rapidly with the technological advancements. Over the period of time it can be said that the importance of different mediums changed. For instance, at one point in time, newspapers were the main source of information but the trend shifted and televisions became the dominant source. (Marshall, 1998). The history of mass media is long, but in general is dated back to the innovation of printing press in the late fifteenth century. With the rise in printed material, it became easier to co mmunicate with large number of people like never before. In the period of post world war II mass media saw a sturdy introduction of radio, television and the video technology. They instantaneously became popular among the masses. Lately, world witnessed the revolution of internet. This medium over took the popularity and place of all others introduced before it. The progression in technology, lined the way for the evolution of mass media in general, (Bhattacharya). The history of mass media in Pakistan begins with the print media, as it was the first medium of mass communication in the country. Jang, Dawn and Anjam were the very first newspapers that were published for the masses. The period from 1958 to 1988 press was subjected to strict government regulations. Almost all of the content needed government approval during the dictatorial rule. After this regime ended, some of these constraints were lifted up, but still press was not completely free of scrutiny. In 1949, Radio Pakistan was officially launched in Karachi which was controlled by the government through Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation. The early decades of Pakistans television history were subjugated by PTV (Pakistan Television), which was launched in 1964. For many years television broadcasting was monopolized by the state owned network. When the private television broadcasters were permitted, Pakistan saw a boom in the television channels. Functions of the Mass media In any society the mass media plays an important role, one that includes a number of related aspects, although we can perhaps characterize these roles in terms of three primary aspects: Entertainment Information (Education) News production The linking-theme of the above is information and having established the fundamental importance of the idea of the mass media as information-providers or educators (a source of secondary socialization), it means that we can concentrate on this idea when considering the way information about the social world is both selected and presented. The mass media links the government of a nation and its people together. The government tries to get support of its people through media by explaining and promoting its policies, for example Musharraf used media to gain support for his referendum. Almost every single person accesses the different forms of media in order to get updates on the current world situation. The media also performs surveillance, that is, it informs us about terrorism, natural disasters and transmits information that is useful in daily lives. The media is also said to perform mobilization function which is very important for developing societies both culturally and technologi cally. It also socializes people and provides entertainment and according to Functionalists media encourages solidarity among its members and promotes national advancement, while Social Conflict says it manipulates individual so that they can be kept under false consciousness by the bourgeoisie. Let us now take a look at different sociological theories regarding the content of the mass media. Pluralist Perspective From this perspective, the mass media involves different forms of bias, since in any situation where there are differing viewpoints which cannot all be effectively represented, bias is bound to occur. Pluralists does not see the mass media advocating any single ideology or point of view in the society but instead stresses on the diversity of views and opinions represented in the mass media, the multiplicity of forms they take and the range of opportunities the general audience or public has to influence their content. In general terms, the range of media available in society covers most of the possible viewpoints in the society. The audience selects those views that most closely accord with their own and declines those that dont. The media responds to audiences demand. In this respect, if the audience is politically conservative then the media will have to respond to this. From this perspective, the main sources of media bias come not from the ideological beliefs of owners, but simply from technical constraints imposed upon various media. In this way media is similar to any other commodity in a market-led society, where the consumer is sovereign, and the products on sale reflect the general laws of market forces and respond to the needs of the consumers. The Pluralists suggest that there really is a plurality of different views on offer to the consumer. Consumers are free to select those views they agree with and reject those with which they disagree. In basic terms, if you dont like watching Geo, you can definitely shift to Expresss version for the news of the day. Secondly, there is no clear evidence that the mass media directly changes peoples beliefs or attitudes. On the contrary, from this perspective the role of the media is of the one confirming the prejudices and views of the consuming audience. For example, the television dramas we see today often reinforce the prevalent views on women in society. They usually portray the role of women as a submissive one who has to conform to whatever rules imposed on them. Usually the Pakistani women like watching it as they relate to the actors portrayal of helplessness. The Mass-manipulative Model This model is usually associated with the Frankfurt School of the 1930s-1950s and with the work of Marcuse in particular. Their starting point is the phenomena of the mass which by the 20th century existed at all levels. This was the advent of the mass society (that is, a form of social organization in which the informal bonds of community had effectively broken-down under the blitz of mass economic production). In this complex, persistently-changing world the mass media are considered to be the one social institution that can help the individual to make sense of the world. The mass media became a tool of the ruling class to intentionally manipulate and control the minds of the masses, effectively removing the possibility of critical thought from them and perpetuating their subservience. It presents a hazy, one-dimensional view of the nature of society and social relationships that supports a certain world-view that supports the Capitalist system. Pakistan has a large history of being manipulated by the military dictators who according to their discretion kept media under emergency. These dictators define social reality by imposing their ideology, through their control of the media, on a mass of socially-isolated individuals and by excluding other possible interpretations from exposure through the media. The most palpable evidence for the model comes in relation to patterns of media ownership. As we have seen, newspaper, television and radio, books and magazine publishing is dominated by a relatively small number of owners. Where competition between companies exists it is likely to be over market share rather than over fundamental ideological disagreements about the nature of society. On the contrary, all of the major forms of media conform to a relatively narrow, consensual view of social reality that can be characterized as politically and socially traditionalist. There is evidence to suggest that owners do try to directly control the content of the media, as Lord Northcliffe stated, God made people read so that I could fill their brains with the fact and later tell them who to love, whom to hate and what to think. Selling is at the heart of the mass media and has been since its beginning. Recently the Omore ice cream was launched in Karachi. To win sales from Walls, Omore was publ icized in various soaps. The Hegemonic Model The hegemonic model represents an attempt to create a much suppler Marxist model of news production and media content, one that avoids some of the rigidities of the manipulative model while also being highly critical of the role of the mass media in Capitalist society. Antonio Gramcsi used it to describe the ideological leadership that is achieved through winning consent rather than through force or coercion. From this perspective, the role of the mass media, as a cultural institution is not to help maintain the position of any individual or group. Rather, its role is to police the cultural system and to help maintain rule boundaries. It reflects the values of the ruling class not because of the intervention of the owners but because of the fact that most of the editors and journalists are drawn from the ruling class. One way this is carried-out is through what hegemonic Marxists call agenda setting (certain facts are prioritized more than others which are considered trivial) and Gate keeping (certain facts are deliberately ignored and kept under cover). Functionalist Perspective According to functionalists media plays an important role in the society. It occupies leisure time, helps in the socialization process, it enforces social norms; confers status and media increases social solidity by presenting common view of a society. Socializing can promote religious as well as patriotic interactions, uniting believers. Media often endorse proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate societal expectations and mass media confer status on people, organizations, and public issues and singles out one issue or person to become significant from thousands of others. Media and secondary socialization The Mass Media assists communication between the sender of information and the children. Media, especially television, effect childrens and adults behavior in different ways. Some programs like Sesame Street or Dora the explorer are very helpful with lots of information for the children. Children can learn to speak and also do things such as singing, reading and pronouncing words in English. The media can teach norms and values by way of symbolic reward and punishment for different kinds of behavior as represented in the media. It stresses on what is acceptable and what is not. Another view is that it is a learning procedure whereby we all learn how to act in particular situations and the expectations which go with a given role or status in a society. Thus the media are continually offering pictures of life and models of behavior in advance of actual experience. (McQuail, 2005) Media and Sensationalism Whenever image building has been in question, the media has at all times been an exclusive and sophisticated ground to play on. However, these days, the media has become only the storytelling medium and journalists have become the key players in tale-making and identity building. Sensationalism in media is commonly defined as changing the emphasis from facts to sensation that is how the news is conveyed or reported now focuses more on sensationalism than actual research. However, now in Pakistan media is known only for exploitation and manipulation of the issues that are of national interest and consequently, the public has come to distrust the media of Pakistan. Going to media for your daily dose of news and entertainment is a painful yet unavoidable task, unavoidable because you have to turn yourself to at least one of the mediums daily and know where you stand, and painful because you cannot just accept that the media is treating society so harshly that any observer from any part of the world is reasonable in stereotyping us Pakistanis as human cockroaches or terrorists. It is a delusion that media is playing a chief role in bringing about a positive change in society, or pressing or trying to press all the people in power to protect human rights, or even bringing about, or triggering the long awaited revolution. The reality is, that media most of the time attacks on the masses emotionally to divert their attention from the actual matter that should be catered. Taking for example Raymond Davis case: Mohsin Hamids article The game preserve in Dawn on 13th February, 2011 compared Americans to hunters who pay people with diplomatic immunity to kill Pakistanis; So what is going on? Who is Raymond Davis, and what are people like him doing in Pakistan? Ive read articles likening him to Rambo and RoboCop. But I believe another Hollywood film franchise metaphor is more apt. Predator. The Raymond Davis affair has brought home what should have been obvious to us Pakis tanis for a long time. Pakistan has become a game preserve, a place where deadly creatures are nurtured, and where hunters pay for the chance to kill them. How is that, that whenever something goes wrong in the world, we are blamed? The international media portrays Pakistanis as a nation of people devoid of moral standards. And in turn Pakistani media adds all the spices to the recipes of international media and strengthens the bias by giving authentications against its own people. It is true that a good government with an adversary press becomes a great government. But an oppositional or adversarial role does not mean borrowing the viewpoint of others. Adversary press is a press that is ready to face those in power for the sake of those who are oppressed, exploited. Does Pakistan have such a media? Does it even fulfill the most basic thing that media caters to: mass communication? In the days following this headline an article, A day of thrilling developments likely, by Amir Wasim was published on Dawn.com, which sketched out that the meetings had been full of feverish political activities which showed no sign of slowing down. The article went on to talk about the fireworksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ predicted to start in the courtroom with part of the tense drama, played out at a meeting between Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani and the army chief. This is not the only example of how the headlines in the newspapers say something and the actual article says something totally irrelevant. Unfortunately as the medias cape is growing so is the wave of sensationalism. In this era every news is the breaking news and every story is offered in the most dramatic and sensational way possible, whether it is justified or not. As Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) came into being, it was believed that it is competent enough to reinstate the democratic pride of media as well as the people but in turn big media was taken to be business with big money. One example of this is the talk shows; to attract more viewership the appreciated talk shows have now turned into cockfights. It is true that every debate begins with the people and it progresses but then ends in abstraction. Anchor, having the last word, uses the opportunity to convey a personal message; sometimes summing up the fight and sometimes giving an absolute irrelevant end to the show. Another example of extreme sensationalism and emotional stimulant in Pakistani media is of the murder case of Sialkot brothers. All the horrible things that were done to the brothers were recorded and broadcasted on various TV channels repeatedly to arouse the public. The headlines used to describe the case were also emotionally arousing which stirred up almost everyone, from the users of Facebook who made pages to condemn the act, to those who came out on streets to protest. Also the fact that any and every footage is now broadcasted on television has given an edge to the wrong-doers, who now can make a video of anything and present their deed as something very noble and get it broadcasted on all the news channels. This is the media giving them new ideas to worship their god of grudges and distortion. A lot of unrest is created and a lot of problems have worsened because of the sensationalism in reporting and selective reporting of certain issues by the media. A great deal of the mass media produces very one sided views on terrorism and extremism and also where Pakistans relationship with India is concerned. The ICC World Cup 2011 semifinal that was played between Pakistan and India was termed as war and Mohali takkar (Mohali Clash) instead of a game of cricket; many called it war of peace. Just to make stories juicier, print and electronic media play around with certain facts and inflate issues. It is highly unfortunate that the Pakistani media has tilted towards making more and more money and for that focuses more on  sensational  issues, because they attract the most viewership and hence makes more profit. The medias job is to make information available to the masses, and not to mislead them or spur violence and extreme measures. Due to corrupted and distorted information that media presents it is very much held responsible for extremist reactions and behaviors which are increasing by the day.

From Individualism to Unionism: The Changing Meaning of Freedom in Amer

From Individualism to Unionism: The Changing Meaning of Freedom in America In 1893, when Frederick Jackson Turner delivered his speech on the significance of frontier at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, he was addressing an audience that had witnessed the drastic changes that swept through the country over the past sixty or so years. The United States had gone from the agrarian nation of Jefferson’s vision—one with a relatively balanced division of wealth, a population of homogenous skilled workers, and a narrow definition of equality based on a broad definition of freedom—to the highly industrialized urban nation glorified by the World’s Fair itself—one of polarized wealth, vast and increasing numbers of unassimilated, unskilled workers, and a demand for a return to the old equality at the expense of the old concept of freedom. Turner’s thesis was threaded with observations of these changes, and made an attempt to account for them in terms of the changing geography of America. â€Å"Each frontie r did indeed furnish a new field of opportunity, a gate of escape from the bondage of the past; and freshness, and confidence, and scorn of older society, impatience of its restraints and its ideas,† Turner wrote (Turner, 17). Viewed from this perspective, freedom in pre-industrial frontier America was freedom from a dominant and centralized federal government and towards what Turner termed â€Å"that restless, nervous energy; that dominant individualism† (Turner, 17). This definition is supported by writers like William Legget, and John C. Calhoun, who argued against the consolidation of broad political power in the hands of a few. However, that kind of freedom hinged on the opportunity for economic mobility for those seeking it,... ...y which to govern it. The open frontier provided an outlet away from government and towards the individual, both politically and economically. On the most practical level, cheap land, requiring little capital investment, was always available in the territories and they offered a constant opportunity for economic advance as a result. Politically, the idea of frontier resonated with Americans as a place of almost anarchic individual freedom. The closing of the frontier symbolized both the end of the kind of unregulated economic growth and the distinct meaning of freedom that had been the hallmarks of the 19th Century. Works Cited Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives. New York: Dover, 1971. Turner, Frederick Jackson. â€Å"The Significance of Frontier in American History.† In The Frontier in American History. . 1-17.

Essay --

Children were made to work without pay and without their willingness; they were raped, beat, and sometimes killed if they did not work. The definition of child labor is the misuse of children in industries or businesses when it is consider illegal or inhumane. In the late 1900’s 18% of the American workers were under the age of 16. It didn’t matter their age the adults pushed them to their very limits. They had children at the age of 4 working long hard hours. They had the children working so young because they had really small hands and bodies unlike the adults with full grown bodies. Women and children were the ones to support their families because they were way tinier and able to do more than a man was able to in a factory. The ages ranged anywhere from 4 years to 21 and over. The starting age percentage back then was 49.9% and it is now 3.9%. Children 10-13 was 27.9% and is now 25.3%, 14-17 was 10.3% and is now 22.1%, 18-20 was 4.1% and is now 11.8%. These children would work up to 12 hours a day and had little to no breaks. They believed that they didn’t need breaks or that they weren’t doing as good as they were supposed to be doing so they gave those that got them minimal breaks. Some of the jobs they had to do were in dangerous places in the factories. They were in areas where there were toxic fumes and the machinery they had to run all of it was very dangerous and caused many injuries and deaths. The machinery ran so quickly that fingers, legs, and arms could have very easily gotten caught in them. The machines could have caused way more serious injuries if not treated could have infections set in or it could have caused deaths from serious blood loss. The environments that these children were in had fumes and toxins e... ...ent during this period. But the gaps that remained, particularly in the southern states, led to the decision to work for a federal child labor law. Congress passed such laws in 1916 and 1918, but the Supreme Court ended up declaring them unconstitutional. Congress did eventually pass such an amendment in 1924, but the conservative political climate of the 1920s, together with opposition from some church groups and farming organizations that feared the possible increase of federal power in areas related to children, prevented many states from ratifying it. They passed an act called the National Industrial Recovery Act to reduce the use of child labor. They also passed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, which in turn for the first time set national minimum wage and maximum hour standards for workers in interstate commerce, also placed limitations on child labor.

Emotional (Intelligence) Quotient Essay

Aside from the person’s measure of intelligence or is Intelligence Quotient (IQ), he also has another characteristic that measures his ability to feel. It is his Emotional Intelligence, which is measured through his Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ). EQ is the description of one’s abilities, capacities, or skills regarding his perception and management of emotions. It is usually of his emotions, of others, and of groups of people. The concept about this emotional intelligence is a rather new field in psychology that is why its definition is changed from time to time (Research Machines plc). Way back in the 1900’s emotional intelligence were emphasized as various aspects of mental intelligence, cognitive aspects like memory and problem solving. Afterwards, even non-cognitive aspects were recognized as important factors, like the social intelligence, or the understanding and management of other people. Later in 1985, Wayne Payne explicitly discussed in his doctoral thesis the concept of emotion, wherein he tackled on developing emotional intelligence. However, the article was not published until 1990, when Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer published it (SearchCIO. com). Emotional Intelligence was then defined by Salovey and Mayer as a person’s capability of monitoring his and others feelings and emotions, analyzing it and using that set of information as a guide in his actions and thoughts. Afterwards, it has been revised to be the ability of emotion perception wherein it integrates emotion in order to facilitate or manage thoughts, understanding emotions and further regulating it, thus promoting personal growth. It is used by people in order to move around its social environment, understanding every part and every aspect of his surroundings. Emotional Intelligence encompasses a person’s ability to perceive emotions, wherein he is able to detect and decipher these feelings of emotions by looking in their faces, pictures, voices, along with their cultural background. Another is to be able to use these emotions, where he utilizes it in facilitating various activities like computing, thinking and eventually solving a problem. It is also important to understand emotions, to be able to comprehend various emotional signs and language and to be able to appreciate complicated relationships with various emotions. Finally, it would boil down to managing these various emotions, by regulating it for one’s own purpose and for others. It could be used to achieve certain goals by harnessing these emotions.

Interoffice Memorandum

With the tight budget restraints to employ six IT employees, including myself; I have broken up the IT department into teams that have good growth potential for the future of the many. CIO – The CIO will oversee all IT operations for the company and will report directly to the CEO. ;Network Team – The network team will be In charge of all communications related to Inter-office and external communication for the company.This includes but is not limited to Demark, Switches, Firewalls, Proxies, Voice, Remote Access, and all cabling of phone and data for the office. ; Platform Team – This team will be in charge of development of applications and server / desktop hardware for the company. This includes but is not limited to applications, server and desktop reward, maintaining licensing and support contracts, as well as researching new software that can aid the company In success. Database Team – This team will be In charge of the Integrity of the data that is s tored Internally for the company and If the demand rises external access to data to customers. They will be in charge of maintaining these databases, data retention, backup and archival procedures. ; Security Team – This team holds a very important role, although all the teams are important this team ensures that the other teams designs and implementations to he network, platforms, as well as the applications are not imposing security vulnerabilities In the companies Infrastructure.They also are In charge of but are not limited to the following security vulnerability prevention, so, ISO, and application security patching, regular security scans of the network, auditing and logging, company security awareness, and daily review of the logs. ;Help Desk Team – This team is in charge of fielding the employee trouble calls and aid the users in there questions and problems they may be having. They are also in charge of training the sickest and forwarding to the prospected tea ms when needed..

Sweden History and Geographic Facts

Sweden is a country located in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Norway to the west and Finland to the east and it is along the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm, located along the countrys east coast. Other large cities in Sweden are Goteborg and Malmo. Sweden is the European Unions third-largest country but it has a very low population density away from its larger cities. It also has a highly developed economy and it is known for its natural environment. Fast Facts: Sweden Official Name: Kingdom of SwedenCapital: Stockholm  Population: 10,040,995 (2018)Official Language: SwedishCurrency: Swedish kronor (SEK)Form of Government: Parliamentary constitutional monarchy  Climate: Temperate in the south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in the north  Total Area: 173,860 square miles (450,295 square kilometers)Highest Point: Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 meters)Lowest Point: Reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon at -7.8 feet (-2.4 meters) History of Sweden Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. In 1397, Denmarks Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark. By the 15th century though, cultural tensions caused conflicts to develop between Sweden and Denmark and in 1523, the Kalmar Union was dissolved, giving Sweden its independence. In the 17th century, Sweden and Finland (which was a part of Sweden) fought and won several wars against Denmark, Russia, and Poland, which caused the two countries to become known as strong European powers. As a result, by 1658, Sweden controlled many areas—some of which included several provinces in Denmark and some influential coastal towns. In 1700, Russia, Saxony-Poland, and Denmark-Norway attacked Sweden, which ended its time as a powerful country. During the Napoleonic wars, Sweden was forced to cede Finland to Russia in 1809. In 1813 however, Sweden fought against Napoleon and shortly thereafter the Congress of Vienna created a merger between Sweden and Norway in a dual monarchy (this union was later dissolved peacefully in 1905). Throughout the rest of the 1800s, Sweden began to shift its economy to private agriculture and as a result, its economy suffered. Between 1850 and 1890, about a million Swedes moved to the United States. During World War I, Sweden remained neutral and was able to benefit by producing products like steel, ball bearings, and matches. After the war, its economy improved and the country began to develop the social welfare policies that it has today. Sweden joined the European Union in 1995. Government of Sweden Today, Swedens government is considered a constitutional monarchy and its official name is the Kingdom of Sweden. It has an executive branch made of a chief of state (King Carl XVI Gustaf) and a head of government, which is filled by the prime minister. Sweden also has a legislative branch with a unicameral Parliament whose members are elected by popular vote. The judicial branch is comprised of the Supreme Court and its judges are appointed by the prime minister. Sweden is divided into 21 counties for local administration. Economics and Land Use in Sweden Sweden currently has a strong, developed economy that is, according to the CIA World Factbook, a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. As such, the country has a high standard of living. Swedens economy is mainly focused on the service and industrial sectors and its main industrial products include iron and steel, precision equipment, wood pulp, and paper products, processed foods, and motor vehicles. Agriculture plays a small role in Swedens economy but the country does produce barley, wheat, sugar beets, meat, and milk. Geography and Climate of Sweden Sweden is a northern European country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly of flat or gently rolling lowlands but there are mountains in its western areas near Norway. Its highest point, Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 m) is located here. Sweden has three main rivers that all flow into the Gulf of Bothnia: the Ume, Torne, and the Angerman. In addition, the largest lake in Western Europe (and the third-largest in Europe), Vanern, is located in the southwestern part of the country. The climate of Sweden varies based on location, but it is mainly temperate in the south and subarctic in the north. In the south, summers are cool and partly cloudy, while winters are cold and usually very cloudy. Because northern Sweden is within the Arctic Circle, it has long, very cold winters. In addition, because of its northern latitude, much of Sweden stays dark for longer periods during the winter and light for more hours in the summer than more southern countries. Swedens capital of Stockholm has a relatively mild climate because it is on the coast toward the southern part of the country. The average July high temperature in Stockholm is 71.4 degrees (22ËšC) and the average January low is 23 degrees (-5ËšC). Sources and Further Reading Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Sweden.Infoplease.com. Sweden: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.United States Department of State. Sweden.

Globalization Is A Form Of A New Market - 1483 Words

As our world has grown increasingly interconnected the practices in the field of business have changed in a way never seen before in history. With a globalized economy come many advantages for the western countries at the forefront of this development. Inexpensive labor sources, countless potential business partners, and a larger pool of potential customers have drastically increased profits for Western corporations. However, with these benefits many have come to question the morality of this form of business. Many have cited these advantages as being extremely one-sided and believe that a globalized market is simply a form of neo-imperialism. As a result, business has become a balancing act with leaders of the economy expected to balance†¦show more content†¦Aside from Pearl Harbor the mainland of the U.S. remained completely untouched (Timeline). During the war new life was breathed into the economy, factories were built to supply weapons causing employment to skyrocket (W orld War). As a result America was the only country that possessed an industrial system capable of supplying the tools necessary for rebuilding the world. Eisenhower began providing the countries left in shambles with aide manufactured by U.S. factories, establishing America as a global leader. Because of this aide and these country’s lack of industry a system of global economic dependence on the United States began. The U.S. also began to help redevelop the economies and systems of self-sufficiency within Western Germany, Japan, and Britain to help it combat the Soviet Union and its allies (BBC, History). All the while the profits of American corporations skyrocketed (Modern). By taking advantage of these countries in their state of weakness and their dependence on U.S. manufactured goods, America entered the â€Å"Golden Age of Capitalism† (Modern). With the war’s end started an upward trend for the west, with the United States at the helm, towards worldwide f inancial hegemony. From the post war era to now America continued to utilize unsustainable business practices, leading to its position as the central economic hub of the world. With the top gross domestic